Auxiliary verbs

12-Mar-2023

Auxiliary verbs ( Yordamchi fe'llar )

1. To be, to have, to do, shall (should), will (would) fe'llari yordamchi (Auxiliary Verbs) fe'llar deyiladi, chunki ular yordamida fe'lning turli murakkab shakllari yasaladi. Yuqoridagi fe'llar Simple Present va Simple Past zamonlarining bo'lishli shaklidan tashqari, barcha fe'l zamonlarini yasashda ishlatiladi. Yordamchi fe'llarning mustaqil ma'nosi bo'lmaydi, ma'noni ular bilan birga kelgan asosiy fe'llar anglatadi. Ular zamonni, shaxsni, sonni, nisbatni va boshqalarni ifodalashda ishlatiladi.

  • I am reading. ( Men o'qiyapman. )
  • They have come. ( Ular kelishgan. )
  • Do you speak English? ( Siz inglizcha gapirasizmi? )
  • He will return soon. ( U tezda qaytadi. )

    2. Modal fe'l manosidagi to be, to have, shall (should), will (would) fe'llari
    kelib zaruratni, istakni, niyatni ifodalaydi.

    3. Bazan to be (bo'lmoq), to have (ega bo'lmoq), to do (qilmoq) fe'llari asosiy
    fe'l bo'lib ham keladi.
     

    To be fe'li

    1. Boshqa fellardan farq qilib, to be felining simple Present da 1- shaxs birlikda, 3-shaxs birlikda va ko'plikda alohida-alohida shakllari mavjud: I am, he (she, it) is, we (you, they) are.

    "to be" ning zamonlarda kishilik olmoshlariga mos holda tuslanishi:


     

    "to be" hozirgi zamonda

    Ega ( S ) Darak gap So'roq gap Inkor gap
    I I am ... Am I ... I am not ...
    He
    She
    it
    He is ...
    She is ...
    it is ...
    Is he ... ?
    Is she ... ?
    Is it ... ?
    He is not ...
    She is not ...
    it is not ...
    We
    You
    They
    We are ...
    You are ...
    They are ...
    Are we ... ?
    Are you ... ?
    Are they ... ?
    We are not ...
    You are not ...
    They are ...

    Qisqartma shakli:

    Darak shakli Inkor shakli
    I am
    He is
    She is
    It is
    We are
    You are They are
    I'm
    He's
    She's
    It's
    We're
    You're
    They're
    I am not
    He is not
    She is not
    It is not
    We are not
    You are not
    They are not
    I'm not
    He's not
    She's not
    It's not
    We're not
    You're not
    They're not
    --------
    He isn't
    She isn't
    It isn't
    We aren't
    You aren't
    They aren't

    Darak gap:

    I am a doctor. - Men doktorman.
    She is a pupil. - U o'quvchi(dir).
    He is at home. - U uyda(dir).
    We are happy. - Biz baxtlimiz.
    You are very clever. - Siz juda aqllisiz.
    Children are in the garden. - Bolalar bog'dalar.
     

    So'roq gap:

    So'roq gaplarni yasashda to be felining shakli egadan oldinga o'tkaziladi: Am I? Was I?
    Am I a student? - Men talabamanmi?
    Is he at home? - U uydami?
    Are you ill? - Siz kasalmisiz?
     

    Bo'lishsiz gap:

    Bo'lishsiz gaplami yasashda to be felining shaklidan keyin not inkor yuklamasi qo'yiladi:
    I am not, I was not.
    I am not a teacher. - Men o'qituvchi emasman.
    She is not at home. - U uyda emas.
    They are not free. - Ular erkin emaslar.
     

    Qisqa javob berish ( Short answering ):

    "to be" in Past Tense ("to be" o'tgan zamonda):

    I
    He
    She
    it
    + was ... We
    You They
    + were ...
    I was a doctor. - Men doktor edim.
    He was 2 years old. - U 2 yosh edi.
    It was its tail. - Bu uning dumi edi.
    We were happy. - Biz baxtli edik.
    Workers were glad. - Ishchilar xursand edilar.
    Was she ill? - U kasal edimi?
    Were you at home? - Siz uyda edingizmi?
    Were they agree? - Ular rozi edilarmi?
    I was not there. - Men u yerda emasdim.
    He was not right. - U haq emasdi.
    Girls were not glad. - Qizlar xursand emasdilar.
     

    Qisqa javob berish ( Short answering ):

    "to be" in Future Tense ("to be" kelasi zamonda)

    Qo'llanilishi va qisqartma shakli:


    I shall be a student. - Men talaba bo'laman.
    They will be happy. - Ular baxtli bo'ladilar.
    Will you be at work? - Siz ishda bo'lasizmi?
    Shall we be agree? - Rozi bo'lamizmi?
    I shan't be busy. - Men band bo'lmayman.
    He won't be in the room. - U xonada bo'lmaydi.

    Qisqa javob berish ( Short answering ) :
    Will he be at work? ( Yes, he will. No, he won't. )
    Shall we be agree? ( Yes, we shall. No, we shan't. )
     

    "to be" shakllarini zamonlarda to'g'ri tanlash uchun yordam beruvchi vositalar.



     

    To have / have got fe'llari.

    To have / have got - " ega bo'lmoq, bor bo'lmoq " deb tarjima qilinadi.
    I
    We
    You
    They
    + have ...
    + have got ...
    He
    She
    it
    + has ...
    + has got ...
    Ega + have ( has ) + bor narsa
    e.g.
    I have a book. = I have got a book. ( Menda kitob bor.)
    He has a car. = He has got a car. ( Uni mashinasi bor.)

    Have, has ning "ega bo'lmoq" dan boshqa ma'nolari ham bor:
    to have breakfast - nonushta qilmoq
    to have lunch - lanch qilmoq
    to have dinner - tushlik qilmoq
    to have supper - kechki ovqatni yemoq
    to have a meal - ovqatlanmoq
    to have a cup of tea - 1 chashka choy ichmoq
    to have a cigarette - chekmoq
    to have a swim - suzmoq
    to have a walk - sayr qilmoq
    to have a rest - dam olmoq
    to have a holiday - bayram qilmoq
    to have a party - kecha bermoq
    to have a good time - vaqtini yaxshi

    Savol shakli:


    Do you have a car? Mashinang bormi?
    Does he have pens? Unda ruchkalar bormi?
    Did they have a dog? Ularda it bor edimi?
    Have you got a family? Oilangiz bormi?
    Has she got a watch? Uning soati bormi?
     

    Do -( I,We,You,They ) - have ya'ni darak gapda have ishlatilsa so'roq shaklida do gap oldiga chiqadi.

    Does ( He,She,It ) - has ya'ni darak gapda has ish-sa so'roqda does gap oldiga chiqadi va has --> have ga aylanadi.

    Did ( hammasi uchun ) - had ya'ni darak gapda had ishlatilsa so'roqda did gap oldiga chiqadi va had --> have ga aylanadi.

    Inkor shakli:

    Ega + do ( does, did ) + not + have + ... Ega + have ( has ) + not + got + ...
  • I do not have a book. Menda kitob yo'q.
  • He does not have children. Uni bolalari yo'q.
  • We did not have a rest. Biz dam olmagan edik.
  • I have not got a family. Meni oilam yo'q.
  • He has not got long hair. Uni sochi uzun emas.
  • This bird hasn't got wings. Bu qushning qanotlari yo'q.

    Short answering ( Qisqa javob berish ):
    Do you have a book? -Yes,I do -No, I don't
    Does she have a family? -Yes, she does. -No, she doesn't.
    Did they have dinner? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't.
    Have you got friends in London? -Yes, I have. -No, I haven't.
    Has he got a pen? -Yes, he has. -No, he hasn't.

    To do fe'li

    1. To do fe'li aniq va majhul nisbatning barcha zamonlarida umumiy qoidalar asosida tuslanadi.
    Ega Hozirgi zamon O'tgan zamon
    I
    We
    You
    They

    + do ...

    + did ...
    He
    She
    it
    + does ... + did ...
     

    2. To do fe'lining shakllari yordamchi va modal fellardan tashqari barcha fellarning Simple Present va Simple Past zamonlardagi bo'lishsiz va so'roq shakllarini yasashda yordamchi fel vazifasida keladi:

  • Do you speak English? Siz inglizcha gapirasizmi?
  • He doesnt work here. U bu yerda ishlamaydi.
  • Did you see him yesterday? Siz uni kecha ko'rdingizmi?
  • They didnt speak to me about it. Ular men bilan bu haqda gaplashmadilar.

    3. To do fe'li buyruq gaplarning bo'lishsiz shaklini yasash uchun yordamchi fe'l bo'lib ishlatiladi:
  • Don't go there. U yerga bormang.
  • Don't open the window. Derazani ochmang.

    4. To be va to have fe'llarining bo'lishsiz buyruq shakllari ham do yordamchi fe'li yordamida yasaladi:
  • Don't be angry. Jahlingiz chiqmasin.
  • Don't have anything to do with him. U bilan o'ralashmang.

    5. To do fe'li buyruq gaplardagi iltimosni kuchaytirish maqsadida hamma fe'llardan oldin,
    shu jumladan, to be, to have fe'llaridan oldin ishlatiladi:
  • Do come tonight. Bu oqshom albatta keling.
  • Do write to me a few lines. Albatta, menga bir enlik xat yozib yuboring.
  • Do have another cup of tea. Yana bir piyola choy iching.
  • Do be reasonable. Mulohazali bo'ling. (0'ylab ish qiling.)

    6. To do fe'li qilmoq, bajarmoq manosida asosiy fe'l bo'lib keladi:
  • He has done his exercises. U mashqlarini bajardi.
  • They will do their work tonight. Ular ishlarini bu oqshom qiladilar.

    Simple Present va Simple Pastda to do ning shakli ikki marta ishlatiladi
    - bir marta yordamchi fe'l sifatida, ikkinchi marta asosiy fe'l sifatida:
  • Does he do it ? U buni qiladimi?
  • Did he do it ? U buni qildimi?
  • I did not do it. Buni men qilmadim.