Gerund

12-Mar-2023

Gerund

 

Umumiy ma'lumotlar

1. Gerund fe'lning fe'llik va otlik xususiyatiga ega bolgan shaklidir. Gerundda infnitivga qaraganda otlik xususiyati ko'proq. 0'zbek tilida gerundga harakat nomi to'g'ri keladi.
2. Gerund otga o'xshab predlog olishi, egalik olmoshi yoki qaratqich kelishigidagi ot bilan kelishi mumkin:

  • I think of going to the south in the autumn. Men kuzda janubga bormoqchiman.
  • We insisted on their chartering a vessel at once. Biz ulaming zudlik bilan kemani ijara qilishlarini talab qildik.

3. Gerund fe'lning quyidagi xususiyatlariga ega:
a) Gerund vositasiz to'ldiruvchi olishi mumkin:

  • I remember reading this book. Men bu kitobni o'qiganimni eslayman.

    b) Gerund ravish bilan aniqlanishi mumkin:
  • He likes reading aloud. U ovoz chiqarib o'qishni yoqtiradi.

    d) Gerund zamon va nisbat shakilariga ega bo'ladi:
      Active Passive
    Simple Perfect reading having read being read having been read

    SIMPLE VA PERFECT GERUND

    1. Quyidagi hollarda Simple Gerund ishlatiladi:

    a) gapning kesimidagi ish - harakat bilan bir paytda sodir bo'lgan ish - harakatni ifodalash uchun:
  • I am surprised at hearing this. Bu menga g'alati eshitiladi.
  • I was quite disappointed at not finding him there.
    Men uni u yerdan topa olmaganim uchun hafsalam pir bo'ldi.

    b) kelasi zamonga taalluqli bo'lgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun:
  • We intend shipping the goods in May. Biz tovarlarni may oyida yuklashni niyat qilganmiz.
  • We think of going there in the summer. Biz yozda u yerga borishni o'ylayapmiz.

    d) vaqtdan qatiy nazar:
  • Swimming is a good exercise. Suzish - yaxshi mashq.
  • Loading heavy weights requires great skill. Og'ir yuklarni yuklash katta mahorat talab qiladi.

    GERUNDNING VAZIFALARI

    1. Gerund ko'pincha predloglar bilan kelib gapda vositali to'ldiruvchi, aniqlovchi va ot-kesim tarkibida keladi. Predloglar faqat otlar oldida ishlatilganligi sababli, har qanday predlogdan keyin fe'l otga yaqin bo'lgan shakl - gerundga aylanadi.

    2. Gerund predlogsiz ega, vositasiz to'ldiruvchi, fel kesim va ot-kesim tarkibida kelishi mumkin.

    GERUNDNING PREDLOGLARDAN KEYIN KELISHI

    Predlog talab qiluvchi ko'pgina fe'l, sifat, sifatdosh va otlardan keyin gerund ishlatiladi va
    predlogli vositali to'ldiruvchi bo'lib keladi:
  • I am fond of reading. Siz u yerga qachon bormoqchisiz ?
  • He felt satisfaction in helping them. U ularga yordam berganidan qanoat hosil qildi.
  • There is no sense in going there today. Bugun u yerga borishdan mano yo'q.
     

    GERUNDNING PREDLOGSIZ ISHLATILISHI

    Predlogsiz gerund ko'pincha fe'l kesim tarkibida keladi:
  • We have put off chartering a boat until the director returns from England.
    Biz kema yollashni direktor Angliyadan qaytib kelmaguncha kechiktirdik.
  • I cant help telling you about it. Men Sizga bu haqda aytmasdan turolmayman.
  • I enjoy listening to music. Men musiqa tinglaganimda rohatlanaman.

    Quyidagi fellardan keyin Gerund ishlatiladi:

    	admit        - bo'yniga olmoq                   advise      - maslahat bermoq
    	anticipate   - bashorat qilmoq 		   	appreciate  - baholamoq
    	avoid        - qochmoq			        complete    - tugatmoq
    	consider     - hisobga olmoq			delay       - kechiktirmoq
    	deny         - inkor etmoq                      discuss     - muhokama qilmoq
    	dislike      - xush ko'rmaslik			enjoy       - yoqtirmoq
    	finish       - tugatmoq			        forget      - unutmoq
    	keep         - saqlamoq, davom etmoq	        mention     - eslatmoq
    	mind         - e'tiroz bildirmoq 		miss        - sog'inmoq 
    	postpone     - kechiktirmoq                     practice    - mashq qilmoq 
    	quit         - tark etmoq                       recall      - eslamoq, chaqirmoq 
    	recollect    - eslamoq                          recommend   - tavsiya 
    	tolerate     - chidamoq                         understand  - tushunmoq
        
    	
    	
  • He admitted stealing the money. U pulning o'g'irlanganini tan oldi.
  • He avoided answering my question. U mening savolimga javob berishdan o'zini olib qochdi.
  • I finally completed writing my term paper. Men nihoyat choraklik maruzamni yozishni tugatdim.
  • I will consider going with you. Men siz bilan borishni muhokama qilaman.
  • He delayed leaving for school. U maktabga kechikib jo'nadi.
  • I dislike driving long distances. Men mashinada uzoq yurishni yoqtirmayman.
  • We enjoyed visiting them. Ularnikida biz vaqtni yaxshi o'tkazdik.
  • She finished studying about ten. U soat o'nlarda shug'ullanishni tugatdi.
  • I cant help worrying about it. Men bu haqda tashvishlanmasdan turolmayman.
  • I keep hoping he will come. Men u keladi deb umid qilishni davom ettiraman.
  • I dont recall meeting him before. Men uni ilgari uchratganimni eslamayman.
  • I resent her interfering in my business. Uning mening ishimga aralashishi meni jahlimni chiqaradi.