The Present Simple Tense

12-Mar-2023

The Present Simple Tense ( Oddiy hozirgi zamon )

Bu zamon odatda yoki har doim takrorlanib turadigan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.

1. Present Simple ning 3-shaxs birlikdan tashqari barcha shakllari fe'lning asosiy shaklini, (infi nitivning to yuklamasi tushirib qoldirilgan shaklini) qo'yish bilan yasaladi. 3-shaxs birlikda fe'lning asosiy shakliga -s qo'shimchasi qo'shildi:
to work - I ( we, you, they ) work, he works.
3-shaxs birlik qo'shimchasi -s jarangli undosh tovushlar va unlilar dan keyin [z], jarangsiz undosh tovushlardan keyin [s] deb o'qiladi:
He reads. He sees . He writes.

3-shaxs birlikda ss, ch, sh, x harfl ar (sirg'aluvchi tovushlar) bilan tugagan fe'llarga -es qo'shimchasi qo'shiladi va [iz] deb o'qiladi:
I pass - he passes, I dress - he dresses, I teach - he teaches, I wish - he wishes.

Izoh: Oldida undosh harfi bo'lgan - y harfi bilan tugagan fe'llarga 3-shaxs birlikda - es qo'shimchasi qo'shiladi va y harfi i harfiga aylanadi:
I cry - he cries : Men yig'ladim - U yig'ladi.
I carry - he carries : Men olib bordim - U olib bordi.

Oldida unli harfi bo'lgan y harfi bilan tugagan fe'llarga 3-shaxs birlikda umumiy qoida asosida - s qo'shimchasi qo'shiladi:
I play - he plays. Men o'ynadim - u o'ynadim.

3-shaxs birlikda to do, to go fe'llariga - es qo'shimchasi qo'shiladi:
He goes, he does.

2. Bo'lishsiz shakli asosiy fe'lning oldiga do (does) yordamchi fe'lini va not inkor yuklamasini qo'yish bilan yasaladi:

Ega + do (does) + not + V

I do not work. He does not work.

3. So'roq shakli do yordamchi fe'lini (3-shaxs birlikda does) egadan oldinga qo'yish bilan yasaladi:
Do I work? Does he (she) work? Men ishlaymanmi? U ishlaydimi?

Do + ega + V
Does


4. Og'zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartirmalar qo'llaniladi:
I don't work
He ( she, it ) doesn't work
We ( you, they ) don't work

 

Use Present simple tense ( Oddiy hozirgi zamonning ishlatilishi )

1. Present Simple odatiy, doimiy, egaga xos bo'lgan yoki umuman yuz beradigan ish-harakatini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi ( hozir emas ):
The postman brings us the newspaper in the morning.
Pochtachi bizga gazetani ertalab olib keladi ( odatiy harakat ).
John walks to school every day. Jon har kun maktabga piyoda boradi.
The earth goes round the sun. Yer Quyosh atrofi da aylanadi.
An atheist doesn't believe in God. Ateist xudoga ishonmaydi.
What does this word mean? Bu so'z qanday ma'noni bildiradi?
He lives in Tashkent. U Toshkentda yashaydi. (doimiy).
He speaks French well. U fransuz tilida yaxshi gapiradi.

2. Ingliz tilida davom zamonlarda ishlatilmaydigan to see, to recognize, to want, to understand kabi fe'llar bor. Bunday fe'llar bilan hozir, gapirilayotgan paytda davom etayotgan ish harakatni ifodalash uchun Present Continuous emas, Present Simple ishlatiladi.
I see a ship in the distance. Men uzoqda kemani ko'rayapman.
Don't talk so loudly, I hear you well. Buncha qattiq gapirma, seni yaxshi eshitayapman.
I don't understand this sentence. Men bu gapni tushunmayapman.

3. If agar, unless agar...- masa, provided that bo'lsa, shartda, when - da, paytida, before oldin, until -maguncha, till -gacha as soon as -gach, as long as - da kabi bog'lovchilar bilan bog'langan shart va payt ergash gaplarda Present Simple Simple Future o'rnida kelasi zamondagi ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi:
If he comes, I shall ask him about it. Agar u kelsa, men undan bu haqda so'rayman.
I shall go there unless it rains. Agar yomg'ir yog'masa, men u yerga boraman.
I shall stay here until he returns. U qaytib kelmaguncha, men shu yerda bo'laman.
We shall send you the documents as soon as we receive them from London.
Biz hujjatlarni Londondan olishimiz bilanoq, ularni sizga yuboramiz.

4. Harakatni (qatnovni) ifodalaydigan to leave jo'namoq, tark etmoq, to start jo'namoq, to sail suzib ketmoq, to return qaytib kelmoq, to arrive yetib kelmoq, to go bormoq, to come kelmoq kabi fe'llar bilan Present Simple kelasi zamondagi ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Bunda kelasi zamonni ko'rsatuvchi payt holi bo'lishi kerak:
Does your brother arrive on Monday? Akangiz dushanba kuni yetib keladimi?
The steamer sails tomorrow. Paroxod ertaga suzib ketadi.