The Definite Article
12-Mar-2023The Definite Article ( Aniq Artikl )
1. The aniq artikli that o'sha ko'rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan. U birlik va koplikdagi donalab sanaladigan otlar va donalab sanalmaydi gan otlar oldida ishlatiladi. Aniq artikl shaxs yoki buyumning shu turdagi shaxs yoki buyumlardan ajratib ko'rsatish uchun ishlatiladi va shu, o'sha degan ma'noni beradi.
2. Otning shu turdagi shaxs yoki buymlardan ajratuvchi aniqlovchisi bo'lsa, aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
- The drawer of my writing table is locked. Meni yozuv stolimning g'aladoni qulf.
- Show me the telegram which was recieved yesterday. Kecha olingan telegrammani menga ko'rsating.
- I like the film that I saw yesterday. Menga kecha ko'rgan filmim yoqdi.
- There is the man who came here yesterday. Kecha kelgan kishi shu yerda.
- The telegram brought by the secretary was very important.
Kotiba olib kelgan telegramma juda muhim edi. - The walls of my room are painted blue. Meni xonamning devorlari ko'kka bo'yalgan.
- I have lost the key to my room. Xonamning kalitini yo'qotdim.
- The apples on that tree are quite ripe. Ana u daraxtning olmalari juda pishgan.
- The ore discovered by the expedition is of high quality.
Ekspeditsiya topgan ruda yuqori sifatli. - The steel used in the construction of this bridge was produced at the Magnitagorsk plant.
Bu ko'prikning qurilishiga ishlatilgan po'lat Magnitagorskda ishlab chiqarilgan. - The water in this river is very cold. Bu daryoning suvi juda sovuq.
- The honour of our country is very dear to us. Vatanimizning obro'yi biz uchun juda aziz.
- To the joy of his friends he recovered very quickly.
Uning tez tuzalganidan do'stlari xursand bo'ldilar. - We study the geography of our country.
Biz mamlakatimiz geografi yasini o'rganamiz. - I like the music of this ballet. Menga bu baletning musiqasi yoqadi.
3. Qanday shaxs yoki buyum ekanligi vaziyat yoki matn mazmuni dan ma'lum bo'lgan ot aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: - Please, close the window. Iltimos, derazani yoping
- Where is the key? Kalit qani?
- Put your book on the shelf. Kitobingizni tokchaga qo'ying
- Pass me the bread, please. Nonni uzatib yuboring, iltimos
4. Oldin gapirilgan ot qayta takrorlanganda aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: - When I entered the room, I saw a man standing at the window. The man was very old.
Xonaga kirganimda men deraza oldida turgan bir kishini ko'rdim. U kishi juda qari edi. - Once there lived an old doctor in a small town. The doctor was known to everybody in the town as a very kind man.
Bir vaqtlar bir kichkina shaharchada bir qari doktor yashagan ekan. Doktor shaharchadagi hammaga (saxiy kishi) ochiq ko'ngil kishi sifatida tanilgan ekan.
5. Dunyoda yoki ushbu vaziyatda yagona bo'lgan shaxs yoki buyum oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi: - The earth is millions of kilometres from the sun.
Yer quyoshdan millionlab kilometr uzoqlikda. - When the goods have been loaded on a ship, the captain signs a reciept called a bill of lading.
Mollar kemaga yuklangandan key in kapitan konosament deb ataluvchi tilxatga imzo chekadi.
6. Dunyodagi yoki biror vaziyatdagi barcha shaxs yoki buyumlarni ifodalagan ko'plikdagi ot oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi: - Lake Baikal is the deepest of all the lakes in the world.
Baykal ko'li dunyodagi ko'llarning eng chuquridir. - Give me a list of the students. Talabalarning ro'yxatini bering.
The students of our Institute learn foreign languages.
Institutimiz talabalari chet tillarini o'rganishadi. - He teaches English to students of our Institute.
U institutimiz talabalariga ingliz tilidan dars beradi
7. Birlikda kelgan ot shu buyum qarashli bo'lgan butun turni ifodalaganda aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: - The pine grows in northern countries.
Qayin shimoliy mamlakatlarda o'sadi. - The African elephant is taller than the Indian.
Afrika fili hind filiga qaraganda kattaroq. - The aeroplane has made theworld a small place.
Samolyot dunyoni toraytirdi. - Now the horse has been replaced by thetractor.
Hozir otni trakror almashtirgan. - The violet is a lovely flower. Binafsha chiroyli gul.
- The cuckoo is a lazy bird. Kakku dangasa qush.
8. Tartib sonlar bilan kelgan otlar oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi: - The office is on the second floor. Ofis ikkinchi qavatda.
- I took a seat in the third row. Men uchinchi qatordan joy oldim.
Izoh: Tartib son ikkinchi bir, yana bir ma'nosida ishlatilsa noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: - We must charter a second vessel. Biz ikkinchi bir (yana bitta) kemani yollashimiz kerak.
- A third man entered the room. Xonaga uchinchi bir (yana bitta) odam kirdi.
- A first night - premyera
- A first prize - birinchi mukofot
9. Sanoq sonlar bilan kelgan ot artiklsiz ishlatiladi: - Two men entered the room. Xonaga ikki kishi kirdi.
Lekin sanoq son o'sha ikki, bu ikki ma'nosida ishlatilsa aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi. - The three men came to the turning at the corner of the Grosvenor Hotel.
O'sha uch kishi Grosvenor mehmonxonasining muyulishiga kelishdi.
Artikl ishlatilmaydigan holatlar
1. Otning oldida birorta ko'rsatkich bo'lsa artikl ishlatilmaydi: - My room is large. Mening xonam kattadir.
- This book is interesting. Bu kitob - qiziq.
- I want some matches. Menga gugurt kerak.
2. Donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldida noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi: - She was making great progress. U katta muvaffaqiyatga erishayotgan edi.
- They promised Jackson further assistance. Ular kelajakda Jeksonga yordam berishga va'da berdilar.
- Water is necessary for life. Suv - hayot uchun kerak.
- I like milk. Men sutni yoqtiraman.
- Salt can be obtained from sea water. Tuz dengiz suvidan olinishi mumkin.
4. Salad, steak, coffee kabi moddiy otlar oldida noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi: - Would you like a cup of coffee? Bir piyola kofe ichasizmi?
5. Breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper so'zlari have fe'li bilan kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi: - When do you usually have lunch? Odatda siz qachon tushlik qilasiz?
6. Hafta kunlari nomlari oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi: - It's Sunday today. Bugun - yakshanba.
8. Orqasidan sanoq son kelgan otlar oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi: - We're studying lesson 7. Biz yettinchi darsni o'rganayapmiz.
- Please, open your books to page 25. Kitoblaringizni 25-betini oching.
- Are you doing the problems on page 36? 36-betdagi masalalarni yechayapsizlarmi?
9. Home oti at predlogi bilan kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi: - Is Ann at home now? Anna hozir uydami?
10. O'quv fanlari va fan sohalari nomlari oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi: - I'm doing mathematics now. Men hozir matematikani bajarayapman.
11. play fe'lidan keyin kelgan sport o'yinlari nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi: - He is playing chess. U shaxmat o'ynayapti.
- Can you play the guitar? Gitara chala olasizmi?
12. Atoqli otlar oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:
Tashkent, Asia, Olimov, John Smith.
13. Atoqli ot oldida mansabni yoki muomala shaklini ifodalovchi turdosh ot kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Professor Brown, General Smith, Comrade Petrov, Mr White.
14. Muomala so'zlari bo'lgan turdosh otlar oldida ham artikl ishlatilmaydi: - Good morning, Captain? Salom, Kapitan!
- May I ask you a question, Professor?
Professor, sizga savol bersam maylimi?
15. Father, mother, uncle va boshqa oila a'zolarini ifodalovchi nomlar shu oila a'zolari tomonidan artiklsiz aytiladi va shu so'zlar bosh haflar bilan yoziladi: - I'll ask Father about it. Men buni otamdan so'rayman?
16. Familiyalar ko'plikda ishlatilib, butun bir oilani ifodalaganda aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: - The Browns arrived from London yesterday. Braunlar kecha Londondan kelishdi.
17. Okeanlar, dengizlar, daryolar, ko'rfazlar va cho'l nomlari hamda atoqli ot aniqlovchisi bo'lib kelgan turdosh otdan yasalgan geografik nomlar oldida aniq artikl qo'yiladi: - The British Empire Britaniya imperiyasi
- The Pacific Ocean Tinch okeani
- The United States Qo'shma Shtatlar
18. Universitetlar, kollejlar nomlari oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:
London Universiy, Cambridge University, Oxford University
19. Teatrlar, muzeylar, surat galeriyalari, konsert zallari, kinoteatr lar, klublar, mehmonxonalar nomlari oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi:
the Coliseum Theatre, the Opera House, the British MuseumBA'ZI SO'Z BIRIKMALARI VA IBORALAR BILAN FAQAT ANIQ ARTIKL ISHLATILADI
- in the morning ertalab
- in the evening kechqurun
- in the afternoon tushdan keyin
- in the night tunda
- what is the time? Soat necha?
- The day before yesterday o'tgan kun
- on the whole umuman
- The other day shu kunlarda, yaqinda
- to go to the theatre teatrga (kinoga) bormoq
- to play the piano skripka chalmoq