The Indefinite Article

12-Mar-2023

The Article ( Artikl )

1. Artikl otlar oldida ishlatiladigan maxsus so'zlardir. O'zbek tilida artikl mavjud emas. Artiklning alohida tarjimasi yo'q. Ot oldida artiklning ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligining ahamiyati katta.
2. Ingliz tilida ikkita artikl bor: Noaniq artikl (The Indefinite Article) va aniq artikl (The Definite Article).
3. Noaniq artiklning ikkita shakli bor: a va an. An shakli unli tovushlar bilan boshlangan otlar oldida keladi:
an opera, an apple, an hour.
Qolgan hollarda artiklning a shakli ishlatiladi:
a pen, a book, a student.
4. Aniq artiklning bitta shakli bor: the.

 

 

The Indefinite Article ( Noaniq Artikl )

1. Noaniq artikl biror turga mansub bo'lgan birlikdagi shaxs yoki buyum oldida ishlatiladi va qandaydir bir degan ma'noni bildiradi:

  • She has a watch of her own. Uning o'z soati bor.
  • He gave her a cigarette and lighted it. U unga sigareta berdi va uni yoqdi.

    Ko'plikda ot artiklsiz ishlatiladi. Agar miqdorni anglatmoqchi bo'lsak, some ishlatamiz:
  • I have brought you some flowers. Men sizga bir nechta gul keltirdim.
  • I hate to wear flowers. Men gul taqishni yomon ko'raman.

    2. Ot shaxs yoki buyumning kim yoki nima ekanligini ifodalasa noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi. Bunday ot gapda:
    a) ot kesimning tarkibiy qismi bo'lib keladi:
  • My brother is an engineer. Mening akam - muhandis.
  • His sister has become a doctor. Uning opasi doktor bo'ldi.
  • This is a dictionary. Bu lug'atdir.

    b) izohlovchi bo'lib keladi:
  • Mr. A., a student of our Institute, spoke at the meeting.
    Janob A., institutimiz talabasi, yig'ilishda gapirdi.

    Ko'plikda artikl ham, some ham ishlatilmaydi.
  • They are good children, no doubt. Shubhasiz ular - yaxshi bolalar.

    Izoh: Ot-kesim tarkibida kelgan yoki izohlovchi bo'lib kelgan otning shu turdagi otlardan ajratib ko'rsatuvchi aniqlovchisi bo'lsa shu ot aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
     
  • These are the books you were looking for. Bular - siz axtargan kitoblar.
  • Mr. Ivanov, the inventor of this machine, is an old friend of mine.
    Janob Ivanov, bu mashinaning ixtirochisi, mening eski do'stim.

    3. Agar ot shu turdagi shaxs yoki buyumlarning istagan bir vakilini ifodalasa, noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi va har bir, istagan ma'nosini beradi:
  • A child can understand it. (Har bir) Bola buni tushina oladi.
  • A square has four sides. Kvadratning to'rtta tomoni bor.

    Ko'plikda noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi va boshqa ko'rsatkich ham kelmaydi:
  • Children can understand it. Bolalar buni tushuna oladilar.
  • Squares have four sides. Kvadratlarning to'rt tomoni bor.

    4. Ba'zi hollarda noaniq artikl bir ma'nosini to'liq saqlab qolgan:
  • I shall come in an hour. Men bir soatdan keyin kelaman.
  • He did not say a word. U bir so'z demadi.
  • I have bought a pound of sugar. Men bir funt (qadoq) shakar sotib oldim.

    5. what dan keyin kelgan birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot oldida noaniq artikl ishlatiladi va bu qurilma "Qanday...!" deb tarjima qili nadi:
  • What a clever man! Qanday aqlli kishi!
  • What a fine building! Qanday chiroyli bino!

  • 7. Such, quite va rather ravishlaridan keyin kelgan birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot oldida noanoq artikl ishlatiladi:
    Such
    quite
    rather
    a + sifat + ot
     
    • She is such a clever woman! U shunday aqlli ayol!
    • She is quite a young girl! U juda yosh qiz!
    • It is rather a long story. Bu juda uzun hikoya.

      Izoh: Konkretlashgan (aniqlashtirilgan) mavhum otlar oldida artikl umumiy qoidalarga asosan ishlatiladi:
    • This is a striking thought. Bu hayratli fikr.
    • The thought of going to his native town filled him with excitement.
      Ona shahriga borish haqidagi fikr uni hayajonlantirdi.
    • The thoughts which he expressed on the subject are very interesting.
      Bu masalada u aytgan fikrlar juda qiziq.
    • Did you hear a noise just now? Siz hozirgina shovqinni eshitdingizmi?
    • There's too much noise. I can't work here.
      Bu yerda juda shovqin ko'p. Men bu yerda ishlay olmayman.
    • I bought a paper to read. Men o'qish uchun gazeta sotib oldim.
    • I need some paper to write on. Menga yozish uchun qog'oz kerak.
    • There's a hair in my soup. Sho'rvamga soch tushibdi.
    • You've got very long hair. Sochingiz juda uzun ekan.
    • You can stay with us. There is a spare room.
      Biz bilan qolsangiz bo'ladi. Bu yerda bo'sh xona bor.