Plurality of Nouns

12-Mar-2023

Plurality of Nouns ( Otlarda ko'plik )

Ingliz tilida ko'plik ko'p hollarda "-s" qo'shimchasi bilan yasaladi.
Uzbek : "-lar " - kitoblar , o'quvchilar
English : "-s " - books, pupils

 

 

Ko'plik yasash yo'llari:
1. Agar ot (so'z) - s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh, -o harflariga tugasa - es qo'shiladi.

 

bus - buses (avtobus)
dress - dresses (kuylak)
box - boxes (quti)
torch - torches (fanar, mashala)
brush - brushes (cho'tka)
potato - potatoes (kartoshka)

 

Istisno holatlar!

 

 

radio - radios, (radio)
photo - photos, (rasm)
piano - pianos, (pianino)
video - videos, (video)
rhino - rhinos, (karkidon)
hippo - hippos (begimot)

2. Agar unli+y bo'lsa ( -s ) boy - boys key - keys
Agar undosh+y bo'lsa ( - es [y+es=ies] ) cherry - cherries, baby - babies

3. Agar so'z quyidagicha tugasa -f+ es = ves , va -fe + s = ves bo'ladi.
leaf - leaves (yaproq)
walf - walves (bo'ri)
wife - wives (xotin)
knife - knives (pichoq)

 

 

Istisno holatlar!

 

roof - roofs ( tom )
cliff - cliffs ( tik qoya )
giraffe - giraffes ( jirafa )
chief - chiefs ( boshliq )

4. Quyidagi so'zlarning ko'pligi o'zakni o'zgartirish bilan yasaladi.

 

		Birlik                                            Ko'plik
                man                      (kishi)                  men    
                woman                    (ayol)                   women  
                foot                     (oyoq)                   feet 
	        goose                    (g'oz)                   geese      
                mouse                    (sichqon)                mice 
                Ox                       (ho'kiz)                 Oxen
                Child                    (bola)                   children        
				
6. Ko'pligi ham birligi ham bir xil yasaladigan otlar:
sheep - sheep,  swine - swine, fish - fish, deer - deer
! Agar ko'plikdagi ot oldidan sifat ishlatilsa, sifat hech qanday ko'plik qo'shimchasini olmaydi, faqat otni ko'pligi mavjud.  a happy girl - two happy girls. 7. Faqat ko'plikda ishlatiladigan otlar. 
         scissors                -      qaychi        tongs      -      ombur
	 spectacles (glasses)    -      ko'zoynak     goods      -      tovarlar, mollar
	 trousers                -      shim          slums      -      xarobalar
	 jeans                   -      jinsi         contents   -      mundarija 
	 shorts                  -      sho'rtik      clothes    -      kiyim-kechak
	 pyjamas                 -      pajama        stairs     -      zina
	 tights                  -      kalgotki      proceeds   -      savdo tushimi
	 scales                  -      tarozi    
            

8. Grek va lotin tilidan kirib kelgan so'zlar:

 

		Datum         -        data         ( berilgan kattalik )
		Addendum      -        addenda      ( qo'shimcha )
		Erratum       -        errata       ( xato ) 
		Memorandum    -        memoranda    ( memorandum )
		Phenomenon    -        phenomina    ( ko'rinish )
		Basis         -        bases        ( asos )
		Crises        -        crises       ( inqiroz )
			

9. Qo'shib yoziladigan qo'shma so'zlarning ikkinchi so'zi ko'plikda bo'ladi.
schoolboy - schoolboys ; postman - postmen ;
dustwoman - dustwomen ; housewife - housewives ;

10. Oxiri - ics qo'shimchasiga tugagan fan nomlari va kasallik nomlari faqat birlikda ishlatiladi.

        mathematics ( matematika ) ,           physics   ( fizika )
	economics   ( iqtisod ) ,              athletics  ( atletika )
	gymnastics  ( gimnastika ) ,           politics    ( siyosat )
	measles     ( qizamiq ) ,              mumps    ( tepki )