Personal pronoun

12-Mar-2023

Personal pronoun ( Kishilik olmoshi )

   
       
  Nominative case ( bosh kelishik )   Objective case ( obyektiv kelishik )
 (who? what? so'rog'iga javob        (whom? kimni(ga), nimani(ga) savoliga
     bo'ladi )                                             javob bo'ladi)
   I     -       Men                       Me     -     Meni, menga
   He    -       U (erkak kishi)           Him    -     Uni, unga
   She   -       U (ayol kishi)            Her    -     Uni, unga
   It    -       U (jonsiz buyum)          It     -     Uni, unga
   We    -       Biz                       Us     -     Bizni, bizlarga
   You   -       Siz, sizlar               You    -     Sizlarni, sizlarga
   They  -       Ular                      Them   -     Ularnni, ularga
   

Bosh kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari gapda ega va ot-kesim tarkibida keladi:

  • I saw that picture (ega). Men u suratni ko'rdim.
  • It is I (he, we and other). Bu men (u, biz va boshqalar) .

    I z o h. Og'zaki nutqda ot kesim tarkibida kishilik olmoshining obyektiv kelishikdagi shakli ham uchraydi: it is me (him, us). It's me shakli ayniqsa ko'proq uchraydi.

    1. I olmoshi har doim bosh harf bilan yoziladi. I olmoshi boshqa olmoshlar
    yoki otlar bilan birga kelganda, har doim ulardan keyin ishlatiladi:
  • You and I (or: he and I) must be there at seven o'clock.
    Siz bilan men (yoki: u bilan men) soat yettida u yerda bo'lishimiz kerak.
  • My brother and I will help you. Akam bilan men sizga yordam beramiz.

    2. He olmoshi erkaklarga nisbatan, she xotin-qizlarga nisbatan,
    it jonsiz narsalar va hayvonlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi:
  • Peter is an engineer. He works at a factory. Piter muhandis. U zavodda ishlaydi.
  • Where is Helen? Sheis in the garden. Helen qayerda? U bog'da.
  • The chair is broken. It is broken. Stul siniq. U siniq.
  • The book is on the shelf. It is on the shelf. Kitob tokchada. U tokchada.
  • The window is open. It is open. Deraza ochiq. U ochiq.
  • The cat is under the table.It is under the table. Mushuk stol ostida. U stol ostida.

    3. They (ular) olmoshi III shaxs ko'plik uchun ishlatiladi:
  • The students are in the corridor. They are in the corridor. Talabalar koridorda. Ular koridorda.
  • The documents are on the table. They are on the table. Hujjatlar stol ustida. Ular stol ustida.

    4. You (siz, sen) olmoshi II shaxs birlik va ko'plik uchun ishlatiladi:
  • Children, where are you? Bolalar, qayerdasiz?
  • Mary, where are you? Meri, qayerdasan?

    O'zbek tilidagi sen olmoshiga to'g'ri keladigan thou (thee) olmoshi hozirgi kunda ishlatilmaydi,
    u faqat eski ingliz tili nazm va nasrida uchrashi mumkin.

    Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari gapda vositasiz to'ldiruvchi bo'lib keladi:
  • He saw me in the street. U meni ko'chada ko'rdi.
  • I met them at the station. Men ularni stansiyada uchratdim.
  • He showed her the picture. U unga suratni ko'rsatdi.

    Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari istagan predlog bilan kelishi
    mumkin va gapda to'ldiruvchi bo'lib keladi:
  • He showed the picture to her and not to me. U suratni unga ko'rsatdi, menga emas.
  • The article was translated by her and not by them. Maqola ular tomonidan emas, u tomonidan tarjima qilingan.
  • This pen is bad. I can not write with it. Bu ruchka yomon. Men u bilan yoza olmayman.
  • This letter is for you. Bu xat sizga (siz uchun).
  • I have read about it. Men bu haqda o'qiganman.
  • I quite agree with you Men sizga to'la qo'shilaman.
  • I have received a letter from her. Men undan xat oldim.