Demonstrative pronouns
12-Mar-2023Demonstrative pronouns (Ko'rsatish olmoshlari)
1. Ko'rsatish olmoshlarining birlik va ko'plik shakllari bor. Birlikda this
(bu, shu), that (u, o'sha), ko'plikda these (bular, shular), those(ular,o'shalar).
Ko'rsatish olmoshlari olmosh-sifat va olmosh-ot bo'lib keladi.
2. Ko'rsatish olmosh-sifatlari otning ko'rsatkichi bo'lganligi uchun
ulardan keyin kelgan ot oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi. Agar ko'rsatish olmoshidan
keyin kelgan otning boshqa aniqlovchisi bo'lsa, ko'rsatish olmoshi, boshqa
ko'rsatkichlarga o'xshab, o'sha aniqlovchidan oldin qo'yiladi:
- He lives in that house. U o'sha uyda yashaydi.
- He lives in that white house. U o'sha oq uyda yashaydi.
3. This va these olmoshlari gapiruvchiga yaqin turgan, that va those esa
uzoq turgan narsalarni ko'rsatish uchun ishlatiladi: - This pencil is mine. Bu qalam meniki.
- That pencil is yours. U qalam sizniki.
- This young man is my brother. Bu yigit mening akam.
- Do you know that man? U kishini taniysizmi?
- These pens are very good. Bu ruchkalar juda yaxshi.
- I like those flowers. Menga u gullar yoqadi.
4. Ko'rsatish olmoshlari vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilganda this hozirgi zamon
uchun, that o'tgan va kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi: - I am busy at this time. Men hozir bandman.
- It is only the beginning of May. Hozir may oyining boshi.
- You can't bathe at this time of the year. Yilning bu paytida cho'milish mumkin emas.
- My brother will go to the Caucasus this summer. Mening akam shu yozda Kavkazga boradi.
- I spent the summer of 2003 in the south. Men 2003- yil yozini janubda o'tkazdim.
- We had a lot of rain that summer. O'sha yozda yomg'ir ko'p bo'ldi.
5. This va that olmoshlaridan keyin ko'pincha oldin ishlatilgan otni
takrorlamaslik uchun one olmoshi ishlatiladi: - Will you give me another book? I don't like this one. Menga boshqa kitob berasizmi? Bunisi menga yoqmadi.
6. Ko'chirma gapdan oldin this, keyin esa that ishlatiladi: - This is what she said: Mana u nima dedi:
- I don't think he is right. Menimcha u haq emas.
- I don't think he is right. That is what she said.
7. It ham ko'rsatish olmoshi vazifasida keladi: - Who is there? Bu kim?
- It is Helen. Bu Helen.
- What is this? Bu nima?
- It is a dictionary. Bu lug'at.
8. Such (shunday) olmoshi ham ko'rsatish olmosh-sifat va olmosh-ot bo'lib keladi: - These are such interesting books. Bular shunday qiziq kitoblar.
- Such was the agreement between the two parties. Ikki tomon o'rtasidagi kelishuv shunday bo'ldi.